Training: vLAN - Revision history

Tyler at 17:45, 13 November 2023

2023-11-13T17:45:07Z

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Mike Lunn at 16:24, 8 December 2021

2021-12-08T16:24:27Z

Mike Lunn at 20:11, 28 March 2019

2019-03-28T20:11:46Z

Mike Lunn: /* Setting Up your vLAN */

2019-03-28T16:28:41Z

Setting Up your vLAN

Mike Lunn: /* Setting Up your vLAN */

2019-03-28T15:43:14Z

Setting Up your vLAN

Mike Lunn: /* Setting Up your vLAN */

2019-03-28T15:36:56Z

Setting Up your vLAN

Mike Lunn at 14:44, 22 March 2019

2019-03-22T14:44:38Z

Mike Lunn at 13:21, 22 March 2019

2019-03-22T13:21:11Z

Mike Lunn: Created page with "== vLANs == vLANs, or Virtual LANs, are a way to logically, rather than physically, segregate your network traffic. This can be done for multiple reasons, but primarily is do..."

2019-03-21T20:25:04Z

Created page with "== vLANs == vLANs, or Virtual LANs, are a way to logically, rather than physically, segregate your network traffic. This can be done for multiple reasons, but primarily is do..."

New page

== vLANs ==
vLANs, or Virtual LANs, are a way to logically, rather than physically, segregate your network traffic. This can be done for multiple reasons, but primarily is done for security. Traffic from one vLAN cannot cross over to another without a static route existing on the router. Each individual port on a switch that supports vLANs can be configured as a member of one or more vLAN. The port itself can be configured as either an access port, which allows ONLY membership on a single vlan, and does not require setting up your device to support vLAN (tagging your traffic), or a trunk port, which can be a member of multiple vLANs simultaneously. vLAN traffic can either be untagged or tagged. These concepts will all be explained below.

== Switch port types ==

=== Access ===
Access ports are intended for individual network devices, such as user PCs, phones, etc. These ports are members of a single vLAN, and ALL traffic received from the plugged in device is automatically considered to be part of that vLAN. This has the advantage of allowing devices to participate in a vLAN that do not natively support tagging. The disadvantage is that you cannot make use of multiple devices coming off of that single port that need to be on different vLANs, such as a phone on a voice vLAN, with a PC plugged into the phone's PC passthrough port, on the data vLAN.

=== Trunk ===
Trunk ports can carry multiple vLANs simultaneously. By default, they are generally configured to carry ALL vLANs, but can be restricted to specific ones in the switch vLAN port configuration section, depending on switch make and model. All trunk ports have a default vLAN membership, which is what vLAN untagged traffic is communicated on, and all other vLAN memberships must be tagged, so that the switch can know which vLAN to pass tagged packets to and from. If a device with a vLAN ID is connected to the port that does not match any of the port's membership IDs, it will not pass any packets tagged with that ID at all.

== vLAN traffic ==

=== Untagged ===
All network traffic, unless otherwise specified, is untagged by default. This simply means it has no vLAN header at all, and lets the switch transmit this traffic on whatever the default vLAN that particular port is set to (see above in access and trunk sections).

=== Tagged ===
Packets with an optional vLAN header contain a VID (vLAN ID), which tells the switch what vLAN this packet belongs on. If the port is not a member of that particular vLAN, it will not pass the packet (in or out). This prevents someone from simply configuring a computer with the correct IP address information from accessing that network, if they are not plugged into a member port of the target vLAN, even if they do have the correct VID configured on their computer.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 8 December 2021
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	Switch setup: The port the PBX is going to be plugged into needs to be a member of the data vLAN UNTAGGED and voice vLAN TAGGED (the pbx will be sending and receiving untagged traffic on the data vLAN to communicate with SIP trunks, for example, and all communication between the pbx and local phones will be in tagged packets on the voice vLAN, in this configuration). The ports that will have phones plugged into them will need to be members of the data vALN untagged, and the voice vLAN TAGGED, as the phone will be sending/receiving tagged packets, while the computer (if any), plugged into each phone, will be sending its data network traffic as UNtagged.		Switch setup: The port the PBX is going to be plugged into needs to be a member of the data vLAN UNTAGGED and voice vLAN TAGGED (the pbx will be sending and receiving untagged traffic on the data vLAN to communicate with SIP trunks, for example, and all communication between the pbx and local phones will be in tagged packets on the voice vLAN, in this configuration). The ports that will have phones plugged into them will need to be members of the data vALN untagged, and the voice vLAN TAGGED, as the phone will be sending/receiving tagged packets, while the computer (if any), plugged into each phone, will be sending its data network traffic as UNtagged.
		+	[[Category:Training]]

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Switch setup: The port the PBX is going to be plugged into needs to be a member of the voice vLAN UNTAGGED (the pbx will be sending and receiving untagged traffic in this configuration). The ports that will have phones plugged into them will need to be members of the data vALN untagged, and the voice vLAN TAGGED, as the phone will be sending/receiving tagged packets, while the computer (if any), plugged into each phone, will be sending its data network traffic as UNtagged.
 [[File:VLAN router as DHCP.png|File:VLAN router as DHCP.png]]
 === PBX as DHCP server ===

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 == Setting Up your vLAN ==
-The first thing you'll need to decide is what device you want to handle DHCP for the vLAN.  If your router is capable of handling this, with separate DHCP services on it for each vLAN, or if you want the PBX itself to act as a DHCP server for the voice vLAN.  If you use the PBX, it will also act as a gateway for the phones.
+The first thing you'll need to decide is what device you want to handle DHCP for the vLAN. If your router is capable of handling this, with separate DHCP services on it for each vLAN, or if you want the PBX itself to act as a DHCP server for the voice vLAN. If you use the PBX, it will also act as a gateway for the phones.
 === Router as DHCP server ===
 *System=>VLAN
-**Enable VLAN: DISABLED.  What this does is enable/disable the pbx dhcp server and a virtual interface for the vlan.  The switch port that the PBX is plugged into should be set up as a member of the intended voice vLAN, UNTAGGED, since the PBX will be sending untagged packets for voice traffic.
+**Enable VLAN: DISABLED. What this does is enable/disable the pbx dhcp server and a virtual interface for the vlan. The switch port that the PBX is plugged into should be set up as a member of the intended voice vLAN, UNTAGGED, since the PBX will be sending untagged packets for voice traffic.
 *PBX Setup=>Phone Global
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 **Phone Priority: This is currently not used
 **PC VLAN Enable: generally disabled, this is for the phone's PC passthrough port, if you want to tag PC traffic or leave it untagged
-**PC VID: generally not used unless you're using a data vLAN, if so, set this according to what vLAN ID the computer's traffic should be tagged with.  PC VLAN must be enabled for this to have any effect
+**PC VID: generally not used unless you're using a data vLAN, if so, set this according to what vLAN ID the computer's traffic should be tagged with. PC VLAN must be enabled for this to have any effect
 **PC Priority: currently not used
-Switch setup:
+Switch setup: The port the PBX is going to be plugged into needs to be a member of the voice vLAN UNTAGGED (the pbx will be sending and receiving untagged traffic in this configuration). The ports that will have phones plugged into them will need to be members of the data vALN untagged, and the voice vLAN TAGGED, as the phone will be sending/receiving tagged packets, while the computer (if any), plugged into each phone, will be sending its data network traffic as UNtagged.
-The port the PBX is going to be plugged into needs to be a member of the voice vLAN UNTAGGED (the pbx will be sending and receiving untagged traffic in this configuration).  The ports that will have phones plugged into them will need to be members of the data vALN untagged, and the voice vLAN TAGGED, as the phone will be sending/receiving tagged packets, while the computer (if any), plugged into each phone, will be sending its data network traffic as UNtagged.
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 *System=>VLAN
 **Enable VLAN: Enabled
-**VLAN IP Address:  This will be the IP address that the phones reach the PBX at.  Leaving it default at 10.71.66.1 is generally fine, as you need it to be on a completely unique network range from the PBX's system=>networking IP range.  Having this interface on the same network will cause the pbx to become unreachable.
+**VLAN IP Address: This will be the IP address that the phones reach the PBX at. Leaving it default at 10.71.66.1 is generally fine, as you need it to be on a completely unique network range from the PBX's system=>networking IP range. Having this interface on the same network will cause the pbx to become unreachable.
-**VLAN Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 will provide 254 useable addresses for your phone network.  This is generally adequate.
+**VLAN Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 will provide 254 useable addresses for your phone network. This is generally adequate.
 **VID: 10 by default, but set this to whatever vlan ID is set in the switches for the voice vlan to use.
-**Max DHCP Leases:  This should be enough to cover the number of phones you anticipate having, but not be more than the number of addresses useable in the subnet mask, minus 1 address used by the pbx.
+**Max DHCP Leases: This should be enough to cover the number of phones you anticipate having, but not be more than the number of addresses useable in the subnet mask, minus 1 address used by the pbx.
-**DHCP Start Address and End Address:  The range of your DHCP scope.
+**DHCP Start Address and End Address: The range of your DHCP scope.
 *PBX Setup=>Phone Global
@@ Line 58: / Line 60: @@
 **Phone Priority: This is currently not used
 **PC VLAN Enable: generally disabled, this is for the phone's PC passthrough port, if you want to tag PC traffic or leave it untagged
-**PC VID: generally not used unless you're using a data vLAN, if so, set this according to what vLAN ID the computer's traffic should be tagged with.  PC VLAN must be enabled for this to have any effect
+**PC VID: generally not used unless you're using a data vLAN, if so, set this according to what vLAN ID the computer's traffic should be tagged with. PC VLAN must be enabled for this to have any effect
 **PC Priority: currently not used
-Switch setup:
+Switch setup: The port the PBX is going to be plugged into needs to be a member of the data vLAN UNTAGGED and voice vLAN TAGGED (the pbx will be sending and receiving untagged traffic on the data vLAN to communicate with SIP trunks, for example, and all communication between the pbx and local phones will be in tagged packets on the voice vLAN, in this configuration). The ports that will have phones plugged into them will need to be members of the data vALN untagged, and the voice vLAN TAGGED, as the phone will be sending/receiving tagged packets, while the computer (if any), plugged into each phone, will be sending its data network traffic as UNtagged.

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 **PC VID: generally not used unless you're using a data vLAN, if so, set this according to what vLAN ID the computer's traffic should be tagged with.  PC VLAN must be enabled for this to have any effect
 **PC Priority: currently not used
@@ Line 57: / Line 60: @@
 **PC VID: generally not used unless you're using a data vLAN, if so, set this according to what vLAN ID the computer's traffic should be tagged with.  PC VLAN must be enabled for this to have any effect
 **PC Priority: currently not used

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 *System=>VLAN
-**Enable VLAN - Keep this DISABLED.  What this does is enable/disable the pbx dhcp server and a virtual interface for the vlan.  The switch port that the PBX is plugged into should be set up as a member of the intended voice vLAN, UNTAGGED, since the PBX will be sending untagged packets for voice traffic.
+**Enable VLAN: DISABLED.  What this does is enable/disable the pbx dhcp server and a virtual interface for the vlan.  The switch port that the PBX is plugged into should be set up as a member of the intended voice vLAN, UNTAGGED, since the PBX will be sending untagged packets for voice traffic.
 *PBX Setup=>Phone Global
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 === PBX as DHCP server ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:21, 22 March 2019
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	=== Tagged ===		=== Tagged ===
	Packets with an optional vLAN header contain a VID (vLAN ID), which tells the switch what vLAN this packet belongs on. If the port is not a member of that particular vLAN, it will not pass the packet (in or out). This prevents someone from simply configuring a computer with the correct IP address information from accessing that network, if they are not plugged into a member port of the target vLAN, even if they do have the correct VID configured on their computer.		Packets with an optional vLAN header contain a VID (vLAN ID), which tells the switch what vLAN this packet belongs on. If the port is not a member of that particular vLAN, it will not pass the packet (in or out). This prevents someone from simply configuring a computer with the correct IP address information from accessing that network, if they are not plugged into a member port of the target vLAN, even if they do have the correct VID configured on their computer.
		+
		+	== Setting Up your vLAN ==
		+
		+	The first thing you'll need to decide is what device you want to handle DHCP for the vLAN. If your router is capable of handling this, with separate DHCP services on it for each vLAN, or if you want the PBX itself to act as a DHCP server for the voice vLAN. If you use the PBX, it will also act as a gateway for the phones.
		+
		+	=== Router as DHCP server ===
		+
		+	With the router acting as the DHCP server, the first thing to note is on the pbx, under System=>VLAN, you will actually keep this DISABLED. What this does is enable/disable the pbx dhcp server and a virtual interface for the vlan.
		+	The switch port that the PBX is plugged into should be set up as a member of the intended voice vLAN, UNTAGGED, since the PBX will be sending untagged packets for voice traffic.
		+
		+
		+	=== PBX as DHCP server ===